PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Shepperd, Taylor / SOCIAL LOAFING Social Loafing and Expectancy-Value Theory
نویسندگان
چکیده
Expectancy value theory holds that goal-directed behavior is a function of (a) expectations—the belief that performance depends on effort, (b) instrumentality—the belief that outcome depends on performance, and (c) outcome value—the value attached to achieving the outcome. The present research provides a direct test of two factors involved in the instrumentality component: the contingency between individual performance and group performance and the contingency between group performance and group outcome. Experiment 1 revealed that collective participants worked hard when they perceived a contingency between individual performance and group performance. Experiment 2 revealed that collective participants worked hard when they perceived a contingency between group performance and the group outcome. Taken together, the results confirm the importance of high instrumentality in eliminating social loafing.
منابع مشابه
89-112 Tan Jan 08.indd
The present study integrates the literature on social loafing and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The authors examined the roles of personality, motives, and contextual factors in influencing the work behaviors of OCB and social loafing. In a sample of 341 individuals working in project groups, with data collected over 3 time periods, the authors found that conscientiousness was nega...
متن کاملSocial loafing and social compensation: the effects of expectations of co-worker performance.
Previous research has suggested that people tend to engage in social loafing when working collectively. The present research tested the social compensation hypothesis, which states that people will work harder collectively than individually when they expect their co-workers to perform poorly on a meaningful task. In 3 experiments, participants worked either collectively or coactively on an idea...
متن کاملRealizing the promise of social psychology in improving public health.
The theories, phenomena, empirical findings, and methodological approaches that characterize contemporary social psychology hold much promise for addressing enduring problems in public health. Indeed, social psychologists played a major role in the development of the discipline of health psychology during the 1970s and 1980s. The health domain allows for the testing, refinement, and application...
متن کاملSocial loafing in student entrepreneurship teams
1.0 Abstract As a form of collaborative learning, allowing students to engage in teamwork has been attributed to the retention of information, motivation, critical reasoning, communication and social skills among others (Hansen 2006). However, is the use of teamwork always the right technique? The benefits outlined are dependent on the success of the teamwork initiative which is not guaranteed ...
متن کاملExpectations for others' outcomes: do people display compassionate bracing?
Although people generally are optimistic about the future, they will lower their predictions to brace for bad news when confronting a challenge to their predictions. Three studies examined whether this shift in predictions for self-relevant outcomes extends to predictions for others' outcomes. That is, the authors explored whether people display "compassionate bracing." Results reveal that part...
متن کامل